tar roof shingles

Tar Roof Shingles: A Comprehensive Guide

Roofing is a critical aspect of homeownership, protecting your investment from the elements. Among the many roofing materials available, tar roof shingles, more accurately known as asphalt shingles, remain a popular choice for their affordability, durability, and ease of installation. This comprehensive guide delves into the world of tar (asphalt) roof shingles, exploring their types, installation process, maintenance requirements, and much more. Whether you’re a homeowner looking to replace your roof or a roofing professional seeking to expand your knowledge, this guide provides valuable insights into this widely used roofing material.

What are Asphalt Shingles (Commonly Referred to as Tar Shingles)?

The term “tar shingles” is often used colloquially to refer to asphalt shingles. Asphalt shingles are composed of a base material, typically fiberglass or organic felt, saturated with asphalt and coated with mineral granules. These granules provide protection from UV radiation, weatherization, and add color to the roof. The asphalt provides water resistance, while the base material offers strength and stability. While the term “tar” isn’t technically correct, it’s widely understood in the roofing industry as referring to asphalt-based roofing materials.

A Brief History of Asphalt Shingles

Asphalt shingles have a rich history dating back to the late 19th century. The earliest versions consisted of felt paper saturated with coal tar. As technology advanced, asphalt replaced coal tar due to its superior waterproofing properties. The introduction of mineral granules in the early 20th century significantly improved the shingles’ durability and fire resistance. Over the years, asphalt shingles have undergone numerous refinements, resulting in the high-performance materials available today.

Composition of Asphalt Shingles

Understanding the composition of asphalt shingles is crucial for appreciating their performance characteristics. The key components include:

Base Material: This provides the structural foundation of the shingle. The two primary types are fiberglass and organic felt. Fiberglass shingles are more common due to their fire resistance and lighter weight. Organic felt shingles, made from recycled paper, offer greater flexibility but are less resistant to fire and moisture.
Asphalt: The asphalt layer provides the primary waterproofing barrier. It’s applied to the base material to seal it and prevent water penetration. The quality of the asphalt significantly impacts the shingle’s lifespan.
Mineral Granules: These granules are embedded in the asphalt layer, providing protection from UV radiation, weatherization, and physical damage. They also add color and aesthetic appeal to the roof.
Sealant: A sealant strip is applied to the underside of the shingle. When exposed to sunlight, this sealant bonds the shingles together, creating a watertight seal.

Types of Asphalt Shingles

Asphalt shingles are available in a variety of types, each offering different performance characteristics and aesthetic appeal. The most common types include:

3-Tab Shingles

3-tab shingles are the most basic and affordable type of asphalt shingle. They are characterized by their uniform, flat appearance and three distinct tabs. While they are a cost-effective option, they offer less wind resistance and a shorter lifespan compared to other types of shingles.

Architectural Shingles (Dimensional Shingles)

Architectural shingles, also known as dimensional shingles or laminated shingles, are a more premium option. They feature a multi-layered design that creates a textured, three-dimensional appearance. Architectural shingles offer greater wind resistance, a longer lifespan, and a more aesthetically pleasing look compared to 3-tab shingles.

Luxury Shingles

Luxury shingles are the highest-end type of asphalt shingle. They are designed to mimic the look of natural materials such as slate or wood shakes. Luxury shingles offer exceptional durability, wind resistance, and aesthetic appeal. They are the most expensive type of asphalt shingle but provide the best overall performance.

Specialty Shingles

Beyond the standard 3-tab, architectural, and luxury shingles, there exist specialty shingles designed for specific purposes. These include:

Cool Roofing Shingles: These shingles are designed to reflect more sunlight, reducing heat absorption and lowering energy costs. They are particularly beneficial in hot climates.
Impact Resistant Shingles: These shingles are engineered to withstand impacts from hail and debris. They are a good choice for areas prone to severe weather.
Solar Reflective Shingles: Similar to cool roofing shingles, these are optimized for reflecting solar radiation and often meet specific energy efficiency standards.

Advantages of Asphalt Shingles

Asphalt shingles offer numerous advantages, making them a popular choice for homeowners and builders alike:

Affordability: Asphalt shingles are among the most affordable roofing materials available.
Durability: Modern asphalt shingles offer excellent durability, with lifespans ranging from 20 to 50 years.
Ease of Installation: Asphalt shingles are relatively easy to install, reducing labor costs.
Versatility: Asphalt shingles are available in a wide range of colors, styles, and textures, allowing homeowners to customize the look of their roofs.
Fire Resistance: Many asphalt shingles have a Class A fire rating, providing excellent protection against fire.
Availability: Asphalt shingles are readily available at most home improvement stores and roofing suppliers.

Disadvantages of Asphalt Shingles

While asphalt shingles offer many advantages, they also have some drawbacks:

Shorter Lifespan Compared to Some Materials: Compared to materials like slate or metal, asphalt shingles have a shorter lifespan.
Susceptibility to Algae Growth: In humid climates, asphalt shingles can be susceptible to algae growth, which can stain the roof.
Environmental Impact: Asphalt shingles are made from petroleum-based products, which have an environmental impact. Disposal of old shingles can also be an environmental concern.
Appearance: While modern architectural shingles offer a more aesthetically pleasing look, some homeowners may find the appearance of asphalt shingles less desirable than other roofing materials like slate or tile.

Asphalt Shingle Installation: A Step-by-Step Guide

Proper installation is crucial for ensuring the longevity and performance of asphalt shingles. While it’s always recommended to hire a professional roofing contractor, understanding the installation process can help you make informed decisions and monitor the quality of the work. Here’s a step-by-step guide to asphalt shingle installation:

Step 1: Roof Deck Preparation

The first step is to prepare the roof deck. This involves inspecting the existing deck for any damage or rot and making necessary repairs. The deck should be clean, dry, and free of any debris. It is also important to ensure proper ventilation from the attic space below.

Step 2: Underlayment Installation

Underlayment is a water-resistant barrier that is installed over the roof deck. It provides an extra layer of protection against water damage. The underlayment should be installed according to the manufacturer’s instructions, overlapping each course to ensure proper water runoff.

Step 3: Drip Edge Installation

Drip edge is a metal flashing that is installed along the edges of the roof. It helps to direct water away from the fascia and prevent water damage. The drip edge should be installed over the underlayment.

Step 4: Starter Course Installation

The starter course is the first row of shingles that is installed along the eaves of the roof. It provides a base for the subsequent courses of shingles. Starter courses are often specifically designed to provide a seal at the roof edge.

Step 5: Shingle Installation

The shingles are installed in overlapping courses, starting at the eaves and working towards the ridge. Each shingle is secured to the roof deck with roofing nails. The nailing pattern should follow the manufacturer’s instructions. Correct placement of nails is critical to avoid leaks and ensure proper shingle adhesion.

Step 6: Ridge Cap Installation

Ridge cap shingles are installed along the ridge of the roof. They provide a finished look and protect the ridge from water damage. The ridge cap shingles should be installed according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Step 7: Flashing Installation

Flashing is installed around chimneys, vents, and other roof penetrations. It prevents water from entering the roof around these areas. The flashing should be properly sealed to ensure a watertight seal.

Asphalt Shingle Maintenance and Repair

Regular maintenance and timely repairs are essential for extending the lifespan of your asphalt shingle roof. Here are some tips for maintaining and repairing your roof:

Regular Inspections

Inspect your roof at least twice a year, preferably in the spring and fall. Look for signs of damage such as missing shingles, cracked shingles, or loose granules. Pay close attention to areas around chimneys, vents, and other roof penetrations.

Cleaning

Remove any debris such as leaves, branches, and moss from your roof. This can help to prevent water damage and algae growth. A soft-bristled brush and a garden hose can be used to clean the roof. Avoid using high-pressure washers, as they can damage the shingles.

Algae Removal

If you notice algae growth on your roof, you can remove it with a solution of water and bleach. Apply the solution to the affected areas and let it sit for 15-20 minutes. Then, rinse the roof thoroughly with water. Be careful when working on a roof, and always wear appropriate safety gear.

Shingle Repair

Repair any damaged or missing shingles as soon as possible. Small repairs can often be done by a homeowner with basic tools and materials. For more extensive repairs, it’s best to hire a professional roofing contractor.

Gutter Cleaning

Keep your gutters clean and free of debris. Clogged gutters can cause water to back up onto the roof, leading to water damage. Clean your gutters at least twice a year, or more often if you live in an area with heavy tree cover.

Factors Affecting Asphalt Shingle Lifespan

The lifespan of asphalt shingles can vary depending on several factors:

Climate: Harsh climates with extreme temperatures, high humidity, and frequent storms can shorten the lifespan of asphalt shingles.
Installation Quality: Proper installation is crucial for ensuring the longevity of asphalt shingles. Poorly installed shingles are more likely to fail prematurely.
Ventilation: Proper attic ventilation is essential for preventing moisture buildup, which can damage the shingles.
Shingle Quality: Higher-quality shingles with better materials and construction will typically last longer.
Maintenance: Regular maintenance and timely repairs can significantly extend the lifespan of asphalt shingles.
Roof Orientation: Roofs facing south or west receive more direct sunlight, which can accelerate the degradation of the shingles.

Choosing the Right Asphalt Shingles

Selecting the right asphalt shingles for your home is an important decision. Consider the following factors when making your choice:

Budget

Asphalt shingles are available in a wide range of prices. Determine your budget and choose shingles that fit within your price range. Remember that higher-quality shingles may cost more upfront but can save you money in the long run due to their longer lifespan.

Style

Choose shingles that complement the style of your home. Asphalt shingles are available in a variety of colors, textures, and designs. Consider the architectural style of your home and select shingles that enhance its curb appeal.

Performance

Consider the performance characteristics of the shingles. Look for shingles with a good wind resistance rating, fire resistance rating, and impact resistance rating. Choose shingles that are appropriate for your climate and weather conditions.

Warranty

Check the warranty offered by the shingle manufacturer. A longer warranty typically indicates a higher-quality product. Read the warranty carefully to understand what is covered and what is not.

Energy Efficiency

If energy efficiency is a concern, consider choosing cool roofing shingles or solar reflective shingles. These shingles can help to reduce your energy bills by reflecting more sunlight.

The Cost of Asphalt Shingle Roofing

The cost of asphalt shingle roofing can vary depending on several factors, including:

Type of Shingles: 3-tab shingles are the least expensive, while luxury shingles are the most expensive.
Roof Size: The larger the roof, the more materials and labor will be required.
Roof Complexity: Complex roofs with many angles, dormers, and other features will be more expensive to install.
Labor Costs: Labor costs can vary depending on the location and the experience of the roofing contractor.
Underlayment and Other Materials: The cost of underlayment, flashing, and other materials will also affect the overall cost.
Removal of Existing Roofing: If the existing roof needs to be removed, this will add to the cost.

It’s always a good idea to get quotes from multiple roofing contractors before making a decision. Be sure to compare the quotes carefully and ask about the materials, labor, and warranty included.

Finding a Reputable Roofing Contractor

Choosing a reputable roofing contractor is essential for ensuring a successful roofing project. Here are some tips for finding a good contractor:

Get Referrals: Ask friends, family, and neighbors for recommendations.
Check Online Reviews: Read online reviews on sites like Yelp, Google, and the Better Business Bureau.
Verify Licensing and Insurance: Make sure the contractor is licensed and insured.
Get Multiple Quotes: Get quotes from multiple contractors and compare them carefully.
Ask for References: Ask the contractor for references and contact them to check their experience.
Read the Contract Carefully: Read the contract carefully before signing it. Make sure it includes all the details of the project, including the materials, labor, and warranty.

Asphalt Shingles and Environmental Considerations

Asphalt shingles are made from petroleum-based products, which raises environmental concerns. However, there are ways to mitigate the environmental impact of asphalt shingles:

Recycling: Some companies are now recycling asphalt shingles, reducing the amount of waste sent to landfills.
Sustainable Materials: Some manufacturers are using recycled materials in the production of asphalt shingles.
Cool Roofing: Cool roofing shingles can help to reduce energy consumption and lower carbon emissions.
Proper Disposal: Dispose of old shingles properly to minimize their environmental impact.

The Future of Asphalt Shingles

The asphalt shingle industry is constantly evolving, with new technologies and innovations being developed. Some of the trends shaping the future of asphalt shingles include:

Improved Durability: Manufacturers are constantly working to improve the durability and lifespan of asphalt shingles.
Enhanced Aesthetics: New designs and textures are being developed to enhance the aesthetic appeal of asphalt shingles.
Sustainable Materials: There is a growing focus on using sustainable materials in the production of asphalt shingles.
Smart Roofing: Integration of sensors and other technologies to monitor roof performance and detect potential problems.
Solar Integration: Development of shingles that integrate solar cells to generate electricity.

Conclusion

Asphalt shingles, often referred to as tar shingles, remain a popular and versatile roofing material due to their affordability, durability, and ease of installation. By understanding the different types of shingles, installation procedures, maintenance requirements, and environmental considerations, homeowners and roofing professionals can make informed decisions about their roofing needs. Whether you’re replacing an existing roof or building a new home, asphalt shingles offer a reliable and cost-effective solution for protecting your investment for years to come.